高中英语语法词汇精练 002期：北极熊

快乐的大老虎

读英语！练英语！！！

(首字母提示版完形练习及原题解析见评论区)
■说明1

1）高中英语涉及基础单词3500个左右，这些单词大部分是英语核心词汇中的核心，很多单词往往有多个词性，包含多个词义，且使用灵活多变，真正要掌握得好难度极高。
2）这些单词对应短语其数量按低要求有至少数百条，按高要求达数千条。而与之的相关习惯表达、常用语更是数量众多。这些短语和习惯表述是英语实际应用(无论是口语、写作还是翻译)中的基础要件。
3）英语语法在高中阶段完全教授完毕，如果在此阶段能熟练掌握这些语法知识，就足以应对日后长期英语学习中的语法问题。
★掌握高中阶段3500单词的丰富词义及相关短语和习惯表达，将为英语后续学习打下坚实基础，显著提高英语实际使用能力，也是高考英语取得高分的制胜要诀。
★本专题选取高考英语真题、模拟题中的语篇素材对高中阶段语法和词汇进行集中、针对性练习。
■说明2

1）两段扩展完形练习知识点是错开的，这样可以对知识点进行“广覆盖”，且不会因语句过于“破碎”而影响语感。
2）一文四练：①原文练习；②扩展练习：做扩展练习时，可读原文，并有意识地去记一些知识点，再通过做扩展练习(借助译文提示内容)巩固这些知识点；③根据译文来尝试进行整体性的“粗略的回译”，这样既练习“局部”语言知识点，又培养整体语句运用能力；④通过“核心单词”回想其在句子中的用法。
3）建议做完形练习时默念或轻声读，这样可以更好地培养语感。
4）如果觉得扩展练习难度大，可以先做首字母提示版(在评论区)。


一、原文练习

(在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。)
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ___1___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been  ___2___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods ___3___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___4___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit(因纽特人) people in Nunayut ___5___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___6___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by  ___7___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___8___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___9___  nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations(亚种群), three are declining, six ___10___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
注：recognized做形容词。
答案：1.that 2. poorly 3. of/for 4. to perform 5. have reported 6. belief 7. noting 8. higher 9. the 10. are

二、参考译文

北极熊生活在北极圈和南至纽芬兰的一些大陆地上。虽然它们在88°以北很罕见，但有证据表明，它们的分布范围一直贯穿北极，南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为对大部分范围的研究都很薄弱；然而，生物学家估计全世界大约有2万到2.5万只北极熊。
现代追踪北极熊种群的方法是从20世纪80年代中期才开始使用的，而且要在大范围内持续执行，成本很高。近年来，努纳尤特的一些因纽特人报告说，在人类定居点附近看到熊的次数增加了，这导致人们认为熊的数量在增加。科学家们对此的回应是，饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类定居点周围，导致人们误以为熊的数量比实际要高。在19个已知的北极熊亚种群中，有3个在减少，6个保持稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。

三、扩展完形练习(1)

The polar bear is _____ in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as ___ _____ as Newfoundland. While they are rare _____ __ 88°, there is evidence that they range ___ ___ ___ across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global __________ of polar bears as ____ of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods for tracking polar bear populations have been ________ only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform ____________ over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear _________ around human settlements, _______ to a belief that populations are increasing. Scientists have _________ by noting that hungry bears may be ____________ around human settlements, leading to the ________ that populations are higher than they actually are. __ the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are _________, six are stable, one is __________, and nine lack enough data.

四、扩展完形练习(2)

The _____ bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big ____ ______ as far south as Newfoundland. While they are ____ north of 88°, there is ________ that they _____ all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to ______ ___ a global population of polar bears __ much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists _________ that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods for ________ polar bear populations have been employed ____ since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently ____ a large area. In ______ years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human ___________, leading to a belief that populations are __________. Scientists have responded __ noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, _______ to the illusion that populations are higher than they ________ are. Of the nineteen __________ polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are ______, one is increasing, and nine ____ enough data.

五、以词忆句

1. mass, rare, evidence, range2, figure, poorly, calculate
2. track, employ, perform, consistently, sighting, settlement, respond, note, congregate, lead, illusion, actually, recognized, decline, stable

亚丁

【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。 1. 考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 2. 考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。 3. 考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”, 意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。 4. 考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。 5. 考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。 6. 考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。 7. 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。 8. 考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。 9. 考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。 10. 考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。

吃西瓜不削皮

The p____ bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big l___ m_____ as far south as Newfoundland. While they are r___ north of 88°, there is e_______ that they r____ all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to f_____ ___ a global population of polar bears __ much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists c________ that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods for t_______ polar bear populations have been employed o___ since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently o___ a large area. In r_____ years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human s__________, leading to a belief that populations are i_________. Scientists have responded __ noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, l______ to the illusion that populations are higher than they a_______ are. Of the nineteen r_________ polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are s_____, one is increasing, and nine l___ enough data.

奇玉

The polar bear is f____ in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as f__ s____ as Newfoundland. While they are rare n____ __ 88°, there is evidence that they range ___ ___ way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global p_________ of polar bears as m___ of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods for tracking polar bear populations have been e_______ only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform c___________ over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear s________ around human settlements, l______ to a belief that populations are increasing. Scientists have r________ by noting that hungry bears may be c___________ around human settlements, leading to the i_______ that populations are higher than they actually are. __ the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are d________, six are stable, one is i_________, and nine lack enough data.